history and structure of the travel and tourism industry

history and structure of the movement and the travel industry Presentation The travel industry is viewed as one of the primary ventures on the planet. The World Travel and Tourism Council (2001) demonstrated that travel industry makes in excess of 10% of the worldwide financial yield and 1 of every 10 occupations around the world. The travel industry begins with the well off, with pictures of esteemed visits to ocean side hotels and spas, Grand Tours and the exercises of business enterprisers, for example, Thomas Cook (Towner, 1995). This paper depicts the history and structure of the movement and the travel industry, the impact of neighborhood and national governments and worldwide offices, nearby and national monetary approach, the impacts of gracefully and request on the movement and the travel industry and the positive and negative effects of the travel industry. History In view of my discernment, I would sort the historical backdrop of movement the travel industry in three distinctive time groups as follows: Prior to 1945 1945-1979 1980 to current day Prior to 1945 In antiquated occasions and roughly till the finish of the sixteenth century individuals were living in horticultural networks was fixed, only occasionally moving from the neighborhood rustic network. Indeed, even with the start of the modern insurgency, which was making a moderate beginning in the eighteenth century in urban and production line improvement, a more extravagant exclusive class alone delighted in recreation and travel, while the laborers worked in situ. Without a doubt as industrialization got going recreation time or occasions where they existed would in general diminishing (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997) Before the 1950s, the travel industry was an industry which was conflicting; inns, transport administrators, visit administrators, trip specialists, all would in general work independently. Inns were primarily in the business to sell bed evenings. Railroads and aircrafts were in the business to sell seats, Travel operators, were selling travel and occasions anyway for each situation they would in general work particularly autonomously. Up until 1946, for example the period between the universal wars, quite a bit of global travel was for the advantaged, well off and tip top gatherings in the public arena. Thomas Cook presented the principal bundle visit in 1841, yet in truth at that point the railroads (The primary traveler rail route (Liverpool and Manchester) opened in 1830) themselves were offering outing trips, for a traffic which they had not initially expected to convey. The main target had been carriage of cargo, and also the arrangement of quicker vehicle for the present stagecoach voyagers at a long way from modest costs. The notoriety of modest outing charges for exceptional occasions was not expected (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997) 1945-1979 In the event that we take a gander at the year 1945 as the year in which the advancement of the fundamental development in the travel industry began, we can build some broad clarification worried to the progressions which one can separate in the travel industry. From the mid-1950s onwards, principally in the UK, the advancement of visit administrators began changing the character of the business from singular business exercises to progressively coordinated exercises. Lodgings, for instance, were starting to consider clients to be needing a scope of administrations as opposed to just purchasing settlement. So lodgings started to create shopping arcades and later to offer secretarial focuses so as to build the spend of visitors inside the inn complex. Transport administrators, especially in the aircraft business, considered the to be of transport benefits as being fundamental to an a lot more extensive need. Aircrafts offered protection and convenience reserving for explorers (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997) From 1950 onwards a blend of variables, for example, increment in leisure time accessibility, increment in paid occasions, improvement of bundle visits, and development in air transport all joined to offer a more extensive conceivable occasion taking business sector. This market was diverse with respect to financial gatherings from the pre-1950 time. 1980 to current day By the 1980s a few aircrafts were offering full travel administrations, for example, game plans for occasions, clinical administrations, recruiting vehicle, and so on. By 1990 the arrangement of the travel industry, particularly in the United Kingdom and Europe, was affected by the improvement of various huge organizations. In the USA, American enemy of trust laws debilitated, if not denied, the advancement of huge incorporated organizations. The experience of American in operational visit has been totally different from Europe, for the most part contrasted and the United Kingdom (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). Air travel improved significantly more quickly. By and by, this is just bit of the story, as nonscheduled traffic (sanction administrations) expanded significantly also. Making up an expected 18 percent of all out development by the 1980s and 50 percent or more on European courses, where the sanction traffic assumed control over most of the occasion development, as visit administrators built up their own administrations (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997) Future The travel industry business is probably going to make significant assistance to worldwide financial improvement in the twenty first century. The social exchange and understanding that is achieved through the travel industry is causing an increasingly serene and internationalized general society. Other than adding to the extension and remodel of neighborhood economies and networks, the travel industry improvement is assuming a significant job in both upgrading training and improving the situation of the travel industry business planned for supporting the up and coming age of those prepared to take on the travel industry business. The Structure of Travel Tourism Industry This is the Leipers model: There are 5 key components of a travel industry framework Leaving Travelers Voyager Generating Region Travel Route Region Traveler Destination Region Bringing Travelers back The first is the traveler (the human segment), the following 3 parts are topographical and authoritative and identify with transport, vacationer exercises and the travel industry which offers administrations, products and offices for voyagers. The latter is clear as crystal. What's more, nature: Economic, Technological, Physical, Political, Socio-social, legitimate, and so on. There are some contemporary impacts: Changing activities and inspirations of business sectors Changing examples of traveler streams Require for arranged the travel industry extension Power for maintainable the travel industry development Worry for social, social and monetary effects of the travel industry The impact of nearby and national governments and universal offices The situation of government is a basic and multipart side of movement and the travel industry, including arrangements. State inclusion in the exchange is a genuinely late practice for focal government. All in all the state perceives that the obligations of the open division must cover such issues as wellbeing, security, reasonable exchanging and purchaser interests and framework in transport, for example, streets, railroads and ports. These are altogether matters of direct worry to the occupant populace. There is a blended record in the arrangement of relaxation offices, ecological insurance and protection which incorporates obligation regarding the one of a kind social legacy, a significant piece of Europes guest attractions (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). The state the travel industry organization, vacationer board or government office will have a significant task to carry out in prompting on the technique, offering chances to counsel and help out a scattered private area, and setting up a goal showcasing procedure dependent on an ID of the fitting markets and their needs and wishes (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). In view of occasional reviews of the administration job by the WTO, the OECD and individual nations, the chief elements of a Ministry of Tourism or of offices under government control can be summed up as: Research, insights and arranging. Promoting. Improvement of the travel industry assets. Guideline, including exchange guideline. Preparing and training. Assistance/progression. Neighborhood governments At the neighborhood level the provincial or nearby authority has a job like that of the focal government and from multiple points of view an increasingly far reaching and significant one. In reality, in the beginning of mass travel animated by the development of the railroad arrange, open area mediation in the travel industry was exclusively at the nearby level. There were no national the travel industry associations. The development of enormous hotels, spearheaded in Britain at the principle shoreline jogs, energized the improvement of nearby the travel industry organizations to do the duties of the host goal (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). Universal associations There are various universal bodies, both administrative and nongovernmental, with the travel industry interests. Government bodies mirror the national governments enthusiasm for, and political will with respect to, the travel industry mediation. In the industrialized nations, the travel industry need will in general be low. On account of the wide scope of the travel industry movement the quantity of associations with some worry or obligation is incredible, however coordination and frequently collaboration as at the national level is feeble. Besides, meeting with industry and working divisions is frequently lacking, as the parts voice is powerless. The fundamental area industry bodies definitely present the instance of their own exchange, once in a while as in methods of transport in a serious circumstance. Along these lines the aggregate the travel industry approach is difficult to compose and continue, in any event, when collaboration at the working level is powerful (Lickorish, Jen kins, 1997). Joined Nations World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO/OMT) is a specific office of the United ?Nations and the main global association in the field of the travel industry. It fills in as a ?worldwide discussion for the travel industry strategy issues and a viable wellspring of the travel industry know-how (UNWTO 2007:1).? The World Tourism Organization assumes a job in advancing the advancement of dependable, ?reasonable and all around open the travel industry, giving specific consideration to the ?interests of creating nations?. The Organization energizes the

Essay on The Historical Context of Sustainability Gold Mining Industry of Australia

Article on The Historical Context of Sustainability Gold Mining Industry of Australia Paper on The Historical Context of Sustainability: Gold Mining Industry of Australia Paper on The Historical Context of Sustainability: Gold Mining Industry of AustraliaThe gold mining industry of Australia is the developing business, which however stands up to a serious analysis from the piece of earthy people, who demand that the goldâ mining industry negatively affects condition, while the misuse of mines and the creation of gold dirty nature reliably. Along these lines, the inquiry that asks is whether the gold mining industry of Australia is proficient to move in the direction of the supportable turn of events or the business will build its negative effect on nature as the gold creation in Australia continues advancing. In fact, the negative effect of the gold mining industry of Australia on the common habitat is clear yet the move toward the economical improvement can diminish the negative effect of the gold mining industry on the earth and make the further development of the gold mining industry practical and less hurtful for the environment.Background infor mationThe advancement of the gold mining industry was generally determined by the high estimation of the gold as the significant resource of countries since there was the best quality level as the key estimation of the cash esteem. Be that as it may, consistently, the job of gold in the cash swapping scale and qualities has begun to diminish yet the job of gold as the valuable metal that contains a significant piece of national banks’ saves perseveres even today. In any case, the gold mining industry destructively affects the indigenous habitat on account of the contamination that went with the mining and gold creation process.In fact,â it was not until the 1970s in most industrialized nations that network desires and enactment developed to guarantee an elevated requirement of natural administration all through the mining cycle (Mudd, 2008). The developing natural worries of the open influenced ecological arrangements led by the administration and forced stricter guidelines on organizations working in the gold mining industry. In such a manner, organizations needed to mull over natural guidelines, standards and measures, while building up their advertising approaches and systems. Be that as it may, till present days, there are a couple of beneficial outcomes since the gold mining industry is as yet one of the significant wellsprings of the earth contamination. The explanation is the high gainfulness of gold mining industry of Australia, which disheartens the administration from forcing limitations on the further development of the business by presenting ecological strategies and standards. Nonetheless, today, the issue of the natural contamination has become the significant test for the gold mining industry of Australia in light of the developing open weight, which powers the legislature to take the proactive, hippie position and animate the progress toward the supportable improvement of the mining business of Australia.The central point adding to the negative effect of gold mining industryAt the occasion, the gold mining industry of Australia is helpless against the extreme analysis from the piece of tree huggers on the grounds that the extraction of gold mineral includes evaluating strong stone metals that are handled to extricate the gold (Mudd, 2008). Reviewing strong stone metals brings about the contamination of nature on the grounds that the evaluating includes the utilization of vitality and, along these lines, increment ozone depleting substance discharges. Moreover, evaluating strong stone and extraction of gold outcome in the strong waste that gets from the creation process.Gold mining includes vitality, water and cyanide utilization (Mudd, 2008). In reality, the improvement of the gold mining industry prompts the expansion utilization of vitality and water alongside cyanide utilization (Lewis, Martin W. Green Delusions: an Environmentalist Critique of Radical Environmentalism. Duke University Press 2010). Now, it meri ts referencing the way that the utilization of water and vitality prompts the fatigue of normal assets. For instance, vitality is created from petroleum derivatives, which are the fundamental wellspring of vitality at the moment.The gold creation is joined by ozone harming substance emanations, which negatively affect the environmental change and a worldwide temperature alteration (Mudd, 2008). Over the span of the creation, ozone harming substance outflows are very high that prompts the contamination and worldwide environmental change. Also, strong waste is another issue that gold mining industry rises over the span of the gold mining in light of the fact that the strong stone is prepared and gold is extricated, while the strong waste remains and must be handled to forestall nature pollution.In this respect, the maintainable advancement of the gold mining industry of Australia is the best way to make the business condition benevolent and decline its negative effect on the earth. Th e progressing accessibility of mineral assets is, in this way, a vital piece of the feasible advancement of the gold mining industry.â The accessibility of mineral assets suggests that the gold will be as yet accessible for creation for quite a while. In any case, to make the gold still accessible, the gold mining industry ought to acquaint new innovations with remove gold all the more viably and procedure gold that has just been extricated and utilized in various creation forms (Mudd, 2007a). At the end of the day, reusing should get one of the needs of the gold mining industry of Australia to become sustainable.Furthermore, another state of economical improvement of the gold mining industry is a solid situation that implies the reliable decrease of poisons, including ozone harming substance emanations. The decrease of toxins and ozone depleting substance outflows might be accomplished using elective wellsprings of vitality, for instance, sunlight based or wind power by gold mine s in Australia. Gold mining organizations should concentrate on the maintainable turn of events and present advances that permit diminishing the waste and contamination of the earth. In such a manner, Australia can keep up the steady and feasible improvement of its gold mining industry.At a similar time, a vital component of the economical advancement of the gold mining industry is the suitable network, which incorporates the steady economy, socially energetic networks and positive network organizations relations. In such manner, gold mining organizations of Australia should concentrate on the advancement of the network arranged strategies to coordinate needs of the nearby network and to limit the contamination of the indigenous habitat that will limit the negative effect of the gold mining industry on neighborhood networks (Mudd, 2007b). Neighborhood people group, in their turn, could help gold mining organizations to diminish the earth contamination through shared endeavors and im provement of normal, condition cordial policies.Conclusion           Thus, the advancement of the gold mining industry of Australia has consistently been the need for the improvement of Australian economy because of high benefits and significant common assets accessible to the gold mining industry of Australia. Now, the improvement of Australian gold mining industry has gone up against the issue of the earth contamination, which influenced the open demeanor and caused the developing analysis of the business by general society. In such a circumstance, the administration centers around the acquaintance of exacting guidelines with animate the move toward the practical improvement of the gold mining industry of Australia. In this regard, the progress to the maintainable advancement of the gold mining industry ought to include the emphasis on the continuous accessibility of gold stores, the making of the solid condition and feasible network.

MIT women

MIT women Ive noticed, in my travels around the country and the internet, that people are really interested in the experience of female students at MIT. I was asked several times at my grad school interviews how the environment was for female students, and whether I had experienced discrimination as an MIT woman. Ill say right up front although I do understand why people are interested in this question, I find it decidedly odd sort of like someone asking, So, hows the oxygen situation in Cambridge? Is there enough air for everybody to breathe? Just as Ive never noticed a shortage of breathable O2, Ive never experienced discrimination as a female MIT student. I think the reason this question comes to mind are severalfold 1. The School of Science report. Several years ago, female faculty in the School of Science reported that they were discriminated against for their gender. MIT investigated and found that they were, and began taking steps to remedy the situation. 2. The Larry Summers thing. 3. The fact that MIT is a science and engineering school, and even progressive people have this weird mental roadblock against women who get excited about test tubes and servos. Hey, Ive been there. I went to public school in a small-to-medium-sized town in Ohio, and although I had my share of inspiring science teachers, I also had one or two who wondered aloud why a girl would be interested in majoring in science. Im going to graduate school in biology at a time when a lot of my friends from high school are getting married. Its a weird thing to be a female scientist in the world, I guess. But its not a weird thing to be a female scientist at MIT. And while there are more female scientists than female engineers at MIT, its also not a weird thing to be a female engineer here. Majors on the MIT cheerleading squad this year: civil/environmental engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science and engineering, EECS, biology, physics, brain and cognitive sciences, chemical engineering, EAPS, management, mathematics. Yup, those are our cheerleaders. Personally speaking, I like to say that the only discrimination Ive ever faced as an MIT woman is that all the chairs in the microscope room in my lab are too short for me to see into the eyepiece. And all the coats in the mouse room button the guy way. Ive never had my intelligence questioned or my opinion discarded because of my gender people at MIT just arent like that. As long as youre smart and good at what you do, nobody cares whether youre male or female. Well, except maybe people who want to date you. They might care. There are several different ways female students at MIT look at their female-ness. Theres the group, typified by this editorial (written by Cassi Hunt 08), that basically says, Yeah, Im a woman, so what? Then theres the group, represented by this editorial (by my friend Rose 05), thats more Sure, women are treated pretty well here, but things can always get better, so lets work toward that end. Some women at MIT join groups like the Society of Women Engineers or the Association for Women Students (Bryan and Mitra is it still active now that Rose has graduated?); some people take courses in Womens Studies, join sororities, or go to the regular coffee and snacks events for women at MIT. For those who are interested, there are a lot of resources for female students at MIT various student groups, and even an entire suite of women-only rooms on main campus. As far as living groups go, McCormick is all-female (and one of the nicest dorms on campus), and there are all-female suites or sections in many of the other dorms. Personally, Im more in the Im a woman, so what? camp. Ive never joined any of the womens clubs at MIT, and Im not one of the ~25% of MIT women who joined a sorority. I live in a co-ed suite in a co-ed dorm. And while Id encourage prospective women to consider using these resources, its okay if you dont want to. For many of us, our gender doesnt go very far in defining who we are as students. Any other questions on what its like to be an [x] at MIT? Or questions in general? I know lots of you are questionful, and Ill get to some answers next time I check in. EDIT: I stuck a really super, and I think really relevant, poem relating to this issue in my Athena locker. Hey, who says MIT kids dont appreciate poetry?

My Degree At Ashford University Essay - 1013 Words

I chose to continue my education and pursue my degree for my Bachelor Degree in Business. The reason I decide to continue my degree was to further my career. I wanted a career in recruiting to help organizations recruit well qualified individuals find a job that they will appreciate and feel needed. Another reason, like many others, to build a better life for my family and also be able to provide my two boys with the financial resource to pursue their college degree when its time. This is the reason why I chose to return back to school at Ashford University. In 2010, I graduated with my associates degree in Computer Networking Systems. After the completion of my degree, I went to work for a small pediatric clinic to help implement a new Electronic Medical Records. I stayed working for the company for 10 years. During this time, I seen many employees come and go and the company had a hard time finding good staff. This is when I realized that I would like to pursue a degree to help org anizations like this one find great staff that will love what they do and provide quality service. With a Bachelor’s degree I felt I would be able to pursue my goals and increase my changes with finding better employment along with increasing my changes for growth personally and financially. Prior to returning back to school, I needed to evaluate my current financial stands, my previous school expenses along with my potential new school tuition. Once weighing out of current debt to futureShow MoreRelatedEssay on In Eyes of One Mans Heart: A Memoir1539 Words   |  7 Pagesstory about my life. I have encountered considerable challenges and obstacles that have forged and molded me as a person. Nevertheless, I did not experience some of the hardships and struggles that others have confronted in their lives, such as segregation, Jim Crow laws, riots, or not being able to vote. 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Compare And Contrast Essay On The Outsiders - 2059 Words

Compare/Contrast Essay - The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton The Outsiders was about the greasers and the Socs. The Socs always jump the greasers, one day Johnny fights back, he ends up killing Bob. Johnny and Ponyboy run away to a church and hide until Dally comes and gets them. They then see the church was burning, Ponyboy and Johnny run into it to save the kids inside. Johnny and Dally get injured, Ponyboy is okay. The greasers win the rumble, the Socs will stay out of the greasers territory, Johnny passes away from his injuries, Dally robs a store, the police shoot him, and he does not survive the shots. In the end Ponyboy decides to regather his life and he starts with writing his theme for his ELA class. The book The Outsiders book, the†¦show more content†¦At these points it is more up to the reader to imagine what the settings looked like instead of the author just stating what the places looked like. An example of this is when the author says Dally was waiting for Johnny and me under the street light at the corner of Pickett and Sutton.† Here the author says that there is a street light in a corner, this has some description, but it is up to the reader to figure out what the rest of the place looks like. The reader has to figure out whether there is a brick sidewalk or a cement one, this is good because then it will be more fun for the reader and it will keep them more entertained. The book also has really specific descriptions, such as this one, â€Å"One time there was a very specific description of the setting was when the author was describing the park. â€Å"The park was about two blocks square, with a fountain in the middle and a small swimming pool for the little kids. The pool was empty now in the fall, but the fountain was going merrily. Tall elm trees made the park shadowy and dark, and it would have been a good hangout, but we preferred our vacant lot, and the Shepherd outfit liked the alleys down by the tracks, so the park was left to lovers and little kids.† In this quote it s hows how big the park is, that there is a pool and a fountain. The quote also says that theShow MoreRelatedOutsiders Compare And Contrast Essay757 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Outsiders†: Compare/Contrast Essay â€Å"The Outsiders† is by far one of my favorite books of all time. I think it’s a great story that tells about how a fourteen-year-old boy overcomes many challenges and learns how to get through each of them individually. â€Å"The Outsiders† is a story about a boy named Ponyboy that lives with his two older brothers, and they have a group of friends, called the Greasers. 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What is the role of war, of religion, and of the arts? What is the role of the individual in relation to the community of Umuofia? Compare /contrast Igbo ways of life, customs, perspectives, beliefs, and values to those of your own culture. 6. What is the importance of drums in the novel? 7. What effect does night have on the people in Ch. 2? What do they fear? How do they deal withRead MoreComparison Between Brazil And Vietnam1200 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to compare and contrast business in Brazil and Vietnam is important to first understand the overviews of each country. The text Managing Cultural Differences begins to layout the historical, political, and economic culture of Brazil in the Latin America section of the book. The first inhabits of Brazil were labeled the Amerindians ( Moran,R.T., Abramson, N.R. Moran, S. V., Harris, P.R., 2014, Pg. 344). The Amerindians were able to develop empires from their basic civilizations and in

Shamel and Calcium Free Essays

Part per million Total Dissolved Solid Membrane area Pressure in the feed, retentate and permeate streams 1. Introduction The concepts of â€Å"osmosis† and â€Å"reverse osmosis† have been known for many years. Studies on osmosis were carried out as early as 1748 by the French scientist Nollet. We will write a custom essay sample on Shamel and Calcium or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many researches reported on reverse osmosis system and desalination of seawater, Most of them using hollow fiber or spiral wound membrane in their research [1]. Effects of different operating parameters (feed water concentration, temperature, pressure and flow rate) on membrane performance were examined using RO system [2]. Sensitivity of different design parameters (internal diameter, total number of tubes) on the recovery ratio was also studied [3]. Besides predicting the performance of RO membrane, several models for mass transport in membrane have been developed such as solution-diffusion model, models from irreversible thermodynamics, etc. [4 and 5]. Simulation and optimization of various RO membrane, study on concentration polarization in RO system and many case study on existing plant was reported. Although many studies were conducted on reverse osmosis membrane, tubular membrane was rarely investigated. This study is aimed at investigating the tubular RO module. The performance of this membrane on different operating parameters has been examined and the best operating condition of RO system with the best permeate quality were utilised to produce drinking water from seawater. 2. Chemicals and Methods The feed stock for reverse osmosis system is the seawater. How to cite Shamel and Calcium, Papers

Support for a Picture Archiving and Communication System as a Capital Project A Case of Lakeland Medical Center

Introduction Information Technology (IT) is an important element of management in many companies (Luftman 17). There are many components of organizational strategy. Aligning IT with a company’s business strategy is one of the most important of these components. Such alignments encourage organizational growth. Further, Luftman (17) points out that IT, as a resource, requires some form of governance. The efficient application of IT in an organization relies on its strategic alignment with organizational strategies and governance.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Support for a Picture Archiving and Communication System as a Capital Project: A Case of Lakeland Medical Center specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, the author focuses on the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). The system is an IT element at Lakeland Medical Center. The proposal to install this system has attracted a lo t of controversy from different stakeholders. The author of this paper analyzes this controversy from the viewpoint of a hospital administrator. The board should endorse the system as it is beneficial to the organization. On their part, employees must come together to support its implementation. Views on the Proposal According to Dreyer and Hirscom (23), PACS is an important technological system involving easy storage and access of images. With regards to Lakeland Medical Center, the system would prove most beneficial in the radiography department. In 2005, the medical facility identified the need to develop the PACS as one of the challenges facing the organization. The proposal requires $3.3 million to be spent in developing the system. However, the board’s refusal to fund the final phase of the project is detrimental to the facility’s overall performance. As the administrative team, we are aware of the viability of the system, courtesy of the IT department. It is our conviction that the proposal to introduce the system should be approved by the board through the release of the remaining funds. PACS can be accessed remotely, making it suitable for practitioners operating from multiple locations. The system has the potential to decrease patient’s waiting time. A shorter waiting time implies that more patients can be served, making PACS beneficial to the society at large. Major Concerns As an administrative team, it is important for us to ensure that IT and governance are consistent with the organization’s philosophies. The major concern in the case of Lakeland Medical Center is that the board believes the system is in conflict with the facility’s philosophy of providing pro-community services. However, Dreyer and Hirscom (71) suggest that PACS can increase the efficiency of an organization. Another major concern is the constant in-fighting among the departments. Luftman (89) argues that successful incorporation of IT into an organization’s processes relies on the cooperation between all the departments. The IT department needs to lead the other departments in supporting the system.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Questions Raised Successful implementation of the PACS needs one to address three major questions (Dreyer and Hirscom 97). For example, how does PACS affect the performance of the medical facility? How is PACS beneficial to the organization from an economic perspective? How best can PACS be aligned with the facility’s business strategy? The questions ought to be addressed to the professionals responsible for the system. They should also be posed to stakeholders, who include employees and patients. Conclusion The proposal appears to have stalled due to the inability of the IT department to develop a sound business plan for the successful implementation of PACS. The via bility of PACS depends on a proper interpretation of its benefits for the stakeholders. The argument by the board to the effect that there is ‘a leadership shortcoming’ in the IT department suggests that someone is actually failing on their job. The IT department has failed to develop a convincing argument in favor of the system. Besides, the various instances of jealousy among the staff members and fears of job loss suggest that there are more factors involved. Luftman (45) cites staff unity as one of the factors affecting implementation of IT programs in an organization. The success of PACS at Lakeland Medical Center relies on the unity of employees. Works Cited Dreyer, Keith, and David Hirscom. PACS: A Guide to the Digital Revolution, California: Avange, 2005. Print. Luftman, Jerry. Competing in the Information Age: Strategic Alignment in Practice, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. This case study on Support for a Picture Archiving and Communication System as a Capital Project: A Case of Lakeland Medical Center was written and submitted by user Elle Spears to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mental Health Care for Adolescents in the US Professor Ramos Blog

Mental Health Care for Adolescents in the US In the last fifty years, there has been a great amount of research that pertains to mental health. In regards to mental health, it is clear that there should be a better approach to mental health as a whole. To gain a better grasp on the lack of mental health care, it is necessary to know the trends and statistics of suicide in adolescents in the US, the role that school and family have in regards to mental health, and the programs and policies that might help treat or assist the treatment of young people affected by mental health illness. By touching on those three points, it is possible to further understand the importance of combatting the lack of mental health care in the US. To start, it is important to take a look at the statistical evidence and trends that adolescent suicide rates have been at in recent years. In the article â€Å"Increase in Suicide in the United States, 1999-2014,† Sally Curtin and her colleagues discuss the fact that suicide is an important health issue with the support of statistical evidence. Though it was believed that suicide was on a downward trend not too long ago, â€Å"suicide rates [have] increased almost steadily from 1999 through 2014† (Curtin et al. 1). With that, it is important to understand what the numbers are behind this. â€Å"From 1999 through 2014, the age-adjusted suicide rate in the United Stated increased 24% from 10.5 to 13.0 per 100,000 population.† (Curtin et al. 1). Being that there has been such a great increase in the number of suicides in the age-range of adolescents, it is clear that there must be something done to combat it as soon as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To follow, it is important to understand that there are ways to educate the youth and help treat some of their mental health needs before more serious measure must be taken. The solution may come directly from parents and schools that these young people encounter nearly every day. Throughout the article â€Å"Supporting Children’s Mental Health in School: Teacher Perception of Needs, Roles, and Barriers,† by Wendy Reinke and her colleagues, mental health interventions in schools are discussed in further detail. The article goes on to explain the teacher perspective and contextual influences that can explain school-based mental health practices (Reinke et al. 1). An issue that Reinke mentions is that many students are not treated at all (1). In some cases, it is because their mental health issues are not noticed (Reinke et al. 1). However, in other cases, it is because there is no real mental health care provided for them (Rei nke et al. 1). As a result of the recent research regarding the mental health concerns of these young people, there have been many responses to the need for a more expanded mental health service system for them. It is necessary for teachers to be educated in the field of mental health signs and symptoms. In its simplest form, school can be a stressful environment for any student, which makes it imperative for teachers to learn how to catch the mental health signs themselves. After further research, Reinke found that â€Å"an overwhelming majority [of teachers] agreed that schools should be involved† (6). The research also found that only 6% of teachers disagreed (Reinke et al. 6). So, as it seems, it is clear that people are on board for mental health intervention in schools. There just needs to be more initiative to make it all happen. Next, it is crucial to discuss how the stigma attached to mental health care affects people. First off, the stigma attached to mental health care will be explained in further detail. In an article called â€Å"How Stigma Interferes With Mental Health Care† by Patrick Corrigan, the stigma is explained thoroughly. Corrigan goes on to explain that there are two stigmas which have directly affected persons seeking mental health care. The first stigma discussed is â€Å"Public-Stigma.† The public-stigma stereotype, which often comes along with mental health, is that â€Å"[a]ll people with mental health illness are dangerous† (Corrigan 617). With a more in-depth range of knowledge, it is obvious that this is not true. However, the judgement placed on people with mental health illnesses is not helped at all by the public-stigma discrimination that comes along with ignorance. In many cases, people immediately jump to the conclusion that â€Å"[they] do not want to be near [people with mental health illnesses]† (Corrigan 617). This is why people often do not reach out. Most times, it is because they do not want to be judged by others. The second stigma that is brought forth is â€Å"Self-stigma.† The self-stigma stereotype, which is most often believed, is that â€Å"[a]ll people with mental health illness are incompetent† (Corrigan 617). This, however, is not the case. There are countless people who have been successful in their lives regardless of their mental health illnesses. As seen, it is important to understand that stereotypes and discrimination are some of the driving forces behind people not seeking mental health care. This is why it is important to try to break the stigma down and help people see that it is okay to be treated for mental health illness. Lastly, there are many new policies that help people get treatment and receive the services that are needed at an affordable rate. In an article by Kirsten Berenio and her colleagues, the Affordable Care Act is explained in great detail. The article explains that the Affordable Care Act â€Å"requires group health plans and insurers that offer mental health and substance use disorder benefits to provide coverage that is comparable to coverage for general medical and surgical care† (Berenio et al. 1). With the passing of this new act in 2014, it is possible for people, who would have not been able to financially afford healthcare, to receive mental health care and be treated by healthcare professionals. The Affordable Care Act can be one of the most influential acts, which has been implemented into the past fifty years, if it can be utilized to its maximum potential, help to eliminate the stigma attached to mental health care, and help to reverse the trends of suicide in the US. To close, there are many aspects that go into mental health care in the US. Being that there are educational gaps, social stigmas, and even financial barriers, it is imperative that something must be done to stop adolescent trends of mental health illness from climbing any further. This is possible if people, who are equipped with the right knowledge, reach out and take a step towards providing better mental health care for people in need. It is not easy for some with a mental health illness to seek help. Because of that, it is always good to assist them in finding treatment as needed. Mental health illness is something that cannot be taken lightly. With the lack of mental health care that exist today, many people have taken their own lives as a result. Suicide is a top ten cause of death in the US and is unacceptable. By taking a stand and supporting those who suffer, hopefully the rates of suicide can decrease in the future. Beronio, Kirsten, et al. Affordable Care Act will expand mental health and substance use disorder benefits and parity protections for 62 million Americans.Mental Health2 (2014). Corrigan, Patrick. How stigma interferes with mental health care.American psychologist59.7 (2004): 614. Curtin, Sally C., Margaret Warner, and Holly Hedegaard. Increase in suicide in the United States, 1999–2014. (2016). OCarroll, Patrick W., Lloyd B. Potter, and James A. Mercy. Programs for the prevention of suicide among adolescents and young adults.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports(1994): 1-7. Reinke, Wendy M., et al. Supporting childrens mental health in schools: Teacher perceptions of needs, roles, and barriers.School Psychology Quarterly26.1 (2011): 1.

Introduction to Utility Maximization

Introduction to Utility Maximization As consumers, we make choices every day about what and how much to buy and use. In order to model how consumers make these decisions, economists (reasonably) assume that people make choices that maximize their levels of happiness (i.e. that people are economically rational). Economists even have their own word for happiness: utility: the amount of happiness gained from consuming a good or service This concept of economic utility has some specific properties that are important to keep in mind: sign matters: positive utility numbers (i.e. numbers greater than zero) indicate that consuming a good makes the consumer happier. Conversely, negative utility numbers (i.e. numbers less than zero) indicate that consuming a good makes the consumer less happy. bigger is better: The greater the utility number, the more happiness the consumer receives from consuming an item. (Note that this is consistent with the first point since large negative numbers are smaller, i.e. less than, small negative numbers.) ordinal but not cardinal properties: Utility numbers can be compared, but it doesnt necessarily make sense to perform calculations with them. In other words, while it is the case that a utility of 6 is better than a utility of 3, it is not necessarily the case that a utility of 6 is twice as good as a utility of 3. Similarly, its not necessarily the case that a utility of 2 and a utility of 3 would add to a utility of 5. Economists use this concept of utility to model consumers preferences since it stands to reason that consumers prefer items that give them higher levels of utility. The consumers decision regarding what to consume, therefore, boils down to answering the question What affordable combination of goods and services gives me the most happiness? In the utility maximization model, the affordable part of the question is represented by a budget constraint and the happiness part is represented by what are known as indifference curves. We will examine each of these in turn and then put them together to arrive at the consumers optimal consumption.

Analyze Machiavelli and Plato and their relationship to each other Essay

Analyze Machiavelli and Plato and their relationship to each other - Essay Example His views advocated certain courses of action. The scholar has two sides of the argument stating what the prince should do in times of war and what he should do in times of peace. In his work known as the Prince that gives details on how the prince should act in times of war is most famous of all his works and has gained many quotes over time. In the Prince, he begins by talking on how the two monarchies that existed quickly moved to retain a rebel territory that had been conquered (Machiavelli & Parks, 2009). He talks of how the prince should have a good fortune so that he retained the rebels acquired, and he was supposed to dedicate himself to the task at hand in handling the rebels. He continues in explaining how the prince was supposed to rule the people he acquired after conquering a new territory and tells of the different ways to govern a city that was used to its liberty and independence (Machiavelli & Parks, 2009). The prince was to destroy them, live together with them or decide to leave them alone. He stated the different ways in which the princes’ who acquired power through violent and nonviolent ways were to conduct themselves. The code of conduct all depended on the amount of support that the ruler had from the population. According to him, he maintains that the rulers friendships with the population acted to help them rule with ease and experience little resistance from the people being ruled. The writer talks of how the ruler must be feared by all but not hated, he also talks of how the leaders are supposed to walk with great ability imposed upon them by the people. The status is to be achieved only if the prince keeps distance from the lives of the ordinary people below him in rank. There is also the other side of Machiavelli where he talks about the end justifying the means and this is Machiavellis side of the republic. In his work, he talks of the republic and argues that it is the best form of

Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly market structures Essay - 2

Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly market structures - Essay Example In the short run the firms operating in monopolistic market can act as monopolies but in the long run the other firms enter into the market and the gains of differentiation takes the downward sloping curve with competition (Cashel-Cordo, n.d, p. 23). Oligopoly is regarded as the market structure where there are large firms operating in the market with significant barriers to entry. The oligopolists are aware of the conditions prevailing in the market as the market is dominated by only few sellers. The decision undertaken by one firm will influence the other firms operating in the market as well as the market as a whole. The decision or the responses of the market participants should be taken into account in the planning process. The prevailing competition in the market structure can give rise different outcomes. An operating firm in the oligopolistic firm can maximise the profit by operating at the level where marginal revenue is same as marginal costs. The primary differences betwee n the two types of market structures are in terms of relative size and control of the market of each firm on the basis of the number of competitors in the existing market structure. It is difficult to find clear cut evidences that cite the differences between the two market structures. Some industries can posses the characteristics of both oligopoly and monopolistic firm. With decrease in the level of competition the firms tend to behave more likely to that of oligopoly and less likely to that of monopolistic competition.

Merger And Acquisitions Of The Apple Company Commerce Essay

Merger And Acquisitions Of The Apple Company Commerce Essay Apple is an American multinational organization that design and manufactures computer softwares, consumer electronics and commercial servers. The corporation is best known about hardware products. Established in April 1, 1976 and called Apple Computer, Inc. Apple Computer, Inc. located in Cupertino, California, designs, manufactures, and markets personal computers (PCs) and related software, peripherals, and personal computing and communicating solutions. Apple is a affiliate of the SP 500 and the NASDAQ 100. Its goods include the Macintosh procession of desktop and notebook computers, the Mac OS X working scheme, the iPod digital tune player, and a collection of software and marginal products for teaching, original, customer, and business clientele. Apple sells its products during its online supplies, direct sales power, intermediary wholesalers and resellers, and its possessing retail supplies. Since of September 24, 2005, Apple function 116 stores in the United States, and 8 additional supplies in Canada, Japan, and the UK. In adding to its personal hardware and software products, Apples retail supplies hold a diversity of intermediary hardware and software products. Revenues for the era ending September 2005 were $13.9 billion, up 69 percent from September 2004 and up 124 percent beginning September 2003. Apple Computer is dedicated to defensive the surroundings, strength and safety of our workforce, clients and the worldwide societies where we control. We know that by integrating resonance ecological, fitness and safety administration practices into all feature of our trade, we can suggest technologically inventive products and services while preserve and attractive resources for future inventions. Apple struggle for everlasting enhancement in our ecological, fitness and safety administration systems and in the environmental excellence of our products, procedure and services. Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer electronics industry. 1. CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH MERGER ACQUISION ACTIVITY THE OPTIMAL ENTRY MODE INTO A NEW INTERNATIONAL MARKET. Cross-Border Merger Acquisitions implementation is an art, not a science. Each situation is unique and presents its own set of problems and potential solutions but it is in fact viable vehicles for international strategy. Source: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mergerandacquisitions.asp The globalization of business over the past decade has spawned a search for competitive advantage that is worldwide in scale. Companies have followed their customers who are going global themselves as they respond to the pressures of obtaining scale in a rapidly consolidating global economy. In combination with other trends, such as increased deregulation, privatization, and corporate restructuring, globalization has spurred an unprecedented surge in cross-border amalgamation and acquisition activity. Cross-border mergers and acquisitions are an essential part of the speed up profitable globalization of our time. Cross-border business deal quantity now account for approximately one-third of worldwide MA activity and this figure will only augment as business world-wide continues to increase. The compound lawful matters to be handled in such business deal include the management of dissimilar impression of business authority and capital market system in the laws concerned, as reflect by the strong discuss on MA law creation within the European Union. Mergers and acquisitions  (MA) and company reform are a big division of the corporate finance world. Every day,  Wall Street savings bankers organize MA dealings,  which transport Divide corporations jointly  to form  bigger ones. When theyre not generating big corporations from smaller ones, corporate finance transactions do the overturn and smash up corporations during spin-offs, carve-outs  or tracking inventory. On standard, big MA transactions causes the domestic currency of the objective companies to value by 1% relation to the acquirers. For every one billion dollar transaction, the currency of the objective company augmented in worth by 0.5%. More particularly, the statement originate that in the era instantaneously after the deal is publicized, there is normally a strong growing association in the objective companies domestic currency (relation to the acquirers currency). This quick raise has taken many MA firms by revelation because the popular of them never had to believe acquiring the capabilities or skills necessary to efficiently handle this category of contract. In the past, the markets are deficient in of implication and a more severely nationwide approach prohibited the enormous preponderance of minute and mid-sized corporations from allowing for cross border intermediation as an alternative which left MA firms unproven in this ground. APPLE COMPUTERS INC. AND NEXT SOFTWARE INC. MERGER Sources: http://www.apple.com/, http://www.nextcomputers.org http://www.objectfarm.org/index.html On the 20.December 1996 the enthusiasm Brothers reunited and saw the light. Apple Computers Inc. and NeXT Software Inc. declare that they will merge their technologies and that Steve Jobs will return, as a advisor, to the corporation he established 20 years before. One of the coolest bands in processor record was receiving back jointly and at least some populace was secure that there would be plenty of really cool belongings occurrence in the close to future. The Plan Back in 1996 Apple was in bottomless difficulty because hardware sales were deprived and the unsellable stock was growing day by day. The crisis was connected to replica manufacturers, who participated with Apple in an already small promote, and Apples baffling and not very wonderful product line up. The Mac OS ongoing to show its age and with the opening of Windows 95 it became really hard to induce people of the reimbursement that the Mac stage would suggest. Numerous years and still more dollars have been invested in a current substitute, system named Copeland, but it was still not ready for major time when Apples faced the rising monetary problems. The company was not only desperately shopping for a new working system (even consider Windows NT at one point) but had to effort with a traditionally low stock price and the awaiting danger of a aggressive capture from some of the big rivals. NeXT had no easy era as well. The expansion of the OPENSTEP working system was almost halted because annoying to keep up with the speedily altering Intel world was like hostility a behind clash without hold up from the hardware manufactures. NeXT drifted into the place of a Windows NT expansion tool supplier with focus on enterprise computing and vibrant web page creation. WebObjects was the only invention left, which had an actual future. NeXT and Apple fortunately realizes that they were in the exclusive location to lastly evidence that sometimes: 1+1=3 Both corporations had significant and established technologies which the other was absent and a amalgamation would make an amazingly immense scheme. in addition that Apple had its possess, still well appreciated, hardware stage and a universal resale canal whereas NeXT had a streamlined, competent association, a good standing in the IT subdivisions of large companies and they had well Steve Jobs. Rhapsody A latest working scheme plan was poorly wanted and so a latest road map had to be haggard over the holidays which could be obtainable to the depress and Apples consumer and developer society at MacWorld, which was seized in January 1997. The new young were primarily policy named enthusiasm and someway the name did well like a glove. The system had the possible of flattering an classic poem which brings an outstanding OS to stylish and influential hardware. The Big Picture After the amalgamation the conventional Mac OS followed a very easy liberate outline: main release formerly a year, in addition slight updates semi a year later. This was piece of the NeXT pressure in the software expansion subdivision which was now headed by Avie Tevanian. The centers transferred to permanent liberate dates instead of fixed attribute sets. The discharge dates have been mostly ambitious by the require to maintain latest hardware which in most cases necessary updated drivers or maintain for special skin. Mac OS 8.0 was exclusion because knocking the edition number was essential for Apple in arrange to get relieve of the replica hardware construct. They would need a latest permit if they required remaining up with Apple and Apple (read Steve Jobs) would not funding them such a permit for a comparable negotiate like they did under the old concurrence. This essentially killed the sell of Apple duplicate. Agreed the complication of amalgamation two working scheme it was understandable that it would take at slightest two main amendment before a meeting could be achieved. Enlargement on Mac OS 8 ongoing before the amalgamation, so it would take a Mac OS 9 to arrange the changeover to a fundamentally dissimilar scheme. Apple become stronger, more positive and more well-liked once more. The supply was increasing and Apple was back in trade foremost the business again the Apple product was stronger than increasingly and the corporation was promotion hardware like passionate which in turn concerned more developers to the stage. CPM Competitive Profile Matrix Source: hhtp://www.prenhall.com/david Apple HP Dell Critical Success Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Rating Weighted Score Rating Weighted Score Market Share Price Financial Position Product Quality Consumer Loyalty Advertising Management Global Expansion Innovation Web Development 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.14 0.05 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 0.20 0.20 0.45 0.60 0.60 0.16 0.24 0.12 0.56 0.15 3 3 4 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.45 0.30 0.08 0.18 0.12 0.28 0.10 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 0.40 0.40 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.12 0.18 0.18 0.28 0.15 Total 1.00 3.28 2.71 3.06 Apple computer Inc. standing before merger with Next as compare to their rivals in the above competitive profile matrix which show the outstanding position of Apple computer international against HP and Dell 2. REASONS WHY MANY MERGER AND ACQUISIONS ARE DEEMED TO HAVE FAILED OR UNDERPERFORMED Source: IPM survey on obstacles to cross-border mergers and acquisitions In recent years strategic mergers have gotten a bad name, to the extent that some pundits have defined strategic mergers as those where the acquiring company overpays. While the price paid for a company is a critical determinant of the success of the resulting Acquisition, there is no inherent reason, why mergers that are strategically well conceived, should go away. In fact, the evidence is quite opposite. These are difficult questions that require careful, objective pre-acquisition analysis. The tendency for companies in the heat of battle to overstate the real strategic benefits of a deal is a definite problem that must be guarded against pressures that arise from the desire to close a deal quickly before rival bidders appear, cultural and sometimes language barriers that create uncertainty, and the often emotionally charged atmosphere surrounding negotiations, work against this requirement of objectivity. The best solution in this case is to enter the MA mode with a carefully developed framework that addresses the key questions, and to stick to that framework in evaluating a potential acquisition candidate even when the seemingly inevitable strains arise. Our own research and experience indicates that the highest potential cross border MAs tend to be between firms that share similar or complementary operations in such key areas as production and marketing. When two companies share similar core businesses there are often opportunities for economies of scale at various stages of the value chain (e.g., RD, manufacturing, sales and marketing, distribution, etc.). Consider all that must go right in any (same-country) acquisition: The two companies must reach agreement on which goods and services will be obtainable, which facility or group will have primary responsibility for making this occur, who will be in allege of each of these amenities or groups, where will the predictable cost investments come from, what will the separation of labor seem resembling in the managerial group, what schedule to chase that will greatest make the latent synergies of the contract, and myriad other issues that are complex, detailed, and immediate. On top of all this the merging companies must continue to compete and serve their customers in a competitive marketplace. Now, take all these challenges, and add a completely new set of problems that arise from the fundamental differences that exist across countries. Consider, for example, for all the similarities that a global imperative places on companies, the very real differences in how business is conducted in, s ay, Europe, Japan, and the United States. These differences involve Corporate governance, the power of rank and file employees, worker job security, regulatory environments, customer expectations, and country culture all representing additional layers of complexity that executives engaged in cross-border MAs must manage. Is it any wonder that cross border mergers are potential minefields that require the utmost care? Fortunately, there are some basic principles that will make cross-border mergers work more smoothly. They can be divided into the imperatives of strategic logic and acquisition integration. Cultural Integration in the Process of Cross-Border Merger and Acquisition Cross-border amalgamation and acquirement (MA) play a significant component in foreign direct investment (FDI). In the course of cross-border MA, the venture occupied will stumble upon civilizing distinction and argument. How to add these cultural differences and abolish the conflicts becomes a significant issue for the venture. Civilizing combination abolishes conflicts happening from civilizing dissimilarity by classifying and merging the principles, psychosomatic states and performance modes of different communities. The cross-border MA cultural integration inherits and rectifies the emotional agreement of the intention corporation for minimizing the quantity of civilizing conflicts and forming the miscellany and agreement due to the civilizing dissimilarity in multi-national venture (Apple Next, 2009). Cross-border MA civilizing incorporation seek to reduce cultural differences as much as possible in the acquired company. Therefore, whether the cultural integration is successful or not is critical to the success or failure of a cross-border MA. In general, the following problems should be solved in cultural integration of cross-border MA. First, it should coordinate the cultural differences of peoples and states to promote understanding and communicating between the different communities in one enterprise and to avoid the negative influence arising from the different thinking models, behaviors, and values. Second, it should coordinate the different company cultures to eliminate the barriers in leadership styles, communication models, personnel system, performance appraisals, and social security benefits. Third, it should establish the companys core values by integrating diverse cultures to improve the companys creativity and competitiveness. Fourth, the effective integration of the companies cultures could provide conditions beneficial for the integration of operations. Therefore, cultural integration of cross-border MA plays an important role in helping the company maximize its capital, technique, sales, and other advantages. Method for Cultural Integration of Cross-Border MA Cultural integration of cross-border MA is a process to coordinate diverse cultures and make them mutually exist and develop within an enterprise. However, cultural integration is not as simple as merging all the different cultures into one, but a process to form a new multinational corporate model by selecting, absorbing, and integrating cultures. Cross cultural management is an effective method of realizing the cultural integration of cross-border MA successfully. Cross-cultural management refers to a system that an enterprise, in the course of MA, selects adaptive pattern of cross-culture management, overcomes conflicts and unfavorable influences, converts the negative factors into positive factors, and gains power of the cultural synergy. Cross-cultural management has its own principles and patterns, which shall be followed in the process of fulfilling cross-cultural management. Basic principles of cross-cultural management lie in respecting and understanding the cultures of othe rs, placing importance on communication, and making adaptive changes. People are the core of cross-cultural management. Culture is reflected in the thinking and behavior of people. Management is all about getting the best performance out of people. The buyer should respect the culture of the target company and try to understand the culture. The company should not use fixed values to judge the other companys culture, but should synthesize the companys strategic significance with its culture. Communicating with each other effectively and understanding each others culture is the most effective way to eliminate cultural conflicts. Establishing a new culture after MA is the amalgamation of different cultures and need not have the cultural imprint of a certain country or nationality. It will be a combination of different cultures. These four principles are interdependent and in the whole make up the basic principles of Cross-cultural management. There are four models of cross culture mana gement to resolve the cultural differences between the buyer and target companies. The first model is localization strategy, which refers to when each subsidiary of the company located in other regions or nations is regarded as an independent entity so that the strategy and decision of the subsidiary can be made according to the local conditions. The parent companys operating model is not imposed on the subsidiary. Rather, the management policy is made according to the local conditions. When the company is recruiting managers or other staff, there is little consideration given to their nationality or where they come from. The buyer respects the local culture and benefits from the localization strategy. The second model is transplanting the culture of the parent company. In this model, the buyer appoints its people to manage the target company in order to guarantee communication between the buyer and the target, and the buyer supervises and controls the target. As a result, the buyer can transplant its culture into the target company and gradually get the local staff to accept its culture. The third model is the cultural innovation by integration. In this model, the cultures of buyer and target companies coexist; a new culture and management pattern are formed through the integration of the two cultures. Cultural innovation can maximize the cross-cultural advantage. The fourth pattern uses evasion tactics. In this model, when there is a tremendous cultural gap between the buyer and the target, it is necessary for the manager appointed by the buyer to avoid the key cultural differences. Under this circumstance, the third party shall be asked to bridge the gap between cultures. This model does not address the problem and has considerable limitations. I n general, it only can be used as a transitional method. Buyers can select one or a combination of two or more of these four patterns, taking into consideration the cultural character of themselves and their targets, to culturally integrate.

How successful was Henry VIII’s foreign policy? Essay

Henry VIII was a young king with many aims for England. His foreign policies mainly focused peace and security as expected by most kings however he choose to achieve this through war. Wolsey however wanted it through many peace agreements. Henry VII’s foreign policy can therefore be split in to aims he tried to achieve. These were: to please the pope, to increase security, to maintain the ‘balance of power’ to increase his prestige and finally for the image of a glorious kingship or his own reputation. Henry had to try and please the pope as the pope was god’s voice on earth and people were very religious including Henry in his youth. If the pope was an ally of Henry’s he could gain more prestige and increase security. In 1521 Henry proved his loyalty to the Catholic Church by writing his book called defiance of 7 sacraments. This he wrote this after Martin Luther started Protestantism. This gave Henry the title of ‘Fidei defensor’ (defender of the faith) which the monarch still has today. Although pope Paul III did try to take this title away in 1530 after Henry being excommunicated from the church, however in 1544 the English parliament declared through an act it to be reinstated. In 1512 Henry was invited in to the Holy league which was a group headed by Pope Julius II. The group was England, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the pope all against France. However in 1525 the king wanted his marriage to Catherine annulled. This was a problem as he had to get permission to marry her as she was her brother’s widow. No pope should ever overturn any decision of another since they are god’s voice on earth so what they say god says and if 1 pope says another is wrong that means god was wrong. Henry could therefore not marry Anne Boleyn while he was a member of the Catholic Church. So he left it and England became protestant. He was also then excommunicated which is being kicked out of the church but he already left. Another bad foreign policy was the Avignon project which was Wolsey saying he would step in as pope why the actual pope was in captivity by the holy roman emperor. This was bad as people saw this as Wolsey only wanting to be the pope. In summary it was a short term success hence Henry being given the title by the pope and him being invited into the holy league. On the other hand it was a massive failure in the long term as he quits the religion and then is excommunicating leaving England a country with no allies and no democratic significance. Due to Henry being a young king he would also be seen as a weak one. This would then put security as a big aim of his. The treaty of London in 1518 increased security massively as it called a cease fire across Europe. However was also seen as a failure since it collapsed with the uprising of Charles V in 1519. The field of the cloth of gold also increased security as it cemented the friendship between France and England using competitive sports. This replaced violent confrontation with peaceful competition. On the other hand the treaty of Cambrai in 1529 was made by French, pope and Charles to exclude Henry from forefront affairs making him very isolated. In conclusion it was a short term success as the treaty of London did stop any wars for a short time however it collapsed but it was due to Henry so could still be a success because he could not stop Charles becoming powerful so could not stop the collapse. Also Henry was never invaded so in the long term it was still a success. Henry had to maintain a balance of power because if one country was to get too much power it would risk his security. The holy league and treaty of London are examples of were nations have got together to maintain a balance of power. Although Charles did stop the treaty and upsetting the balance more by becoming a super power in Europe. The league of cognac in 1526 was though set up by pope, France, Venice, Florence and England against Charles to maintain a balance. An argument against the success would be that he went to war with France upsetting the balance furthermore. To sum up it was a success until Charles V arrived then he upset the balance of power to much. Prestige was important in Europe as England has never been seen as a major country compared to Spain or France any king especially Henry wants to be better then both countries. The field of the cloth of gold helps this showing a strong relationship with a strong ally. The battle of Flodden in 1513 is also a good example because James IV dies along with many of his nobles weakening Scotland. However it could be seen as a mockery towards Henry as Catherine is the person who led the fighting why he is fighting in France. Also the treaty of Noyon showed a friendship between France and Spain forming which meant no need for Henry to be the middle man weakening his prestige. In summary this was a failure as it was not Henry at Flodden although it did increase the countries prestige it lessened Henry’s personal prestige. Finally Glorious kingship was Henry wanting to be remembered throughout history as a great king. He also wanted to increase his own reputation in Europe. The war in France increased the image as a glorious king according to Henry as he seed the best way to gain it by going to war and winning which is what he did at the battle of spurs in 1513 where he gained Tournai and Therouanne in northern France. Henry did not want to use treaties to gain the image as Wolsey suggested he should do. Treaty of more in august 1525 was therefore seen as a failure because Henry had to give back the land he had in France which he just spent time, money and men capturing for his annual pension to be resumed. In conclusion this was a short time success as the wars did give him a great image but the treaties to follow did not. On the other hand Henry is still remembered today but not as a glorious king but as a fat king with many wives. Overall henry’s foreign policy was very successful but only in the short time. The treaty of London possible the best thing he did. However once Charles came to the scene everything went bad and his foreign policy did not work. Finally leaving the church left him very isolated and without support since all the big powers in Europe were catholic and he was not.

Family Law Paralegals and Victims of Domestic Violence

Family Law Paralegals and Victims of Domestic Violence Working with victims of domestic violence can be an extremely rewarding and fulfilling endeavor. One of the most crucial aspects for a paralegal working with victim of domestic violence is adequately engaging in the task of educating oneself to understand the commonalities of such victims and the ordeals that they have been through. Such clients are drastically different from other individuals who have suffered other physical and violent crimes. Understanding the background of someone who has lived through domestic violence is absolutely central to being able to provide adequate and sensitive legal care. Most victims of domestic violence are women (95%) though domestic violence can have an impact on ever age, class, race, ethnic, cultural or religious group (purplerainfoundation, 2012). In the United States, nearly one in three adult women experience at least one physical assault by a partner during adulthood (American Psychological Association, Presidential Task Force on Violence an d the Family 1996 Report) (purplerainfoundation, 2012). These women are often terrified of their partners temper, apologize when they are abused and often in the most extremely controlling and isolated environment where the abusive partner will control who the partner sees and where the partner goes outside of the home, jealous of outside relationships (purplerainfoundation, 2012). In these abusive relationships the women are hit,Show MoreRelatedThe District Attorney s Office973 Words   |  4 Pagesattorneys, investigators, forensic analysts, paralegals, clerical workers and volunteers. There are relatively 190 prosecutors in the District Attorney’s Office and are assigned to diverse specialized teams. The District Attorney’s Office prosecutes over 40,000 cases yearly, these cases include criminal, fraud, elder abuse, burglary, robbery, sexual assault, domestic violence, gang violence and murder. â€Å"The Domestic Violence Unit of the Family Violence Division is ov erseen by Santa Clara County DistrictRead MoreNstp Handouts13038 Words   |  53 Pagescontinually re-chosen as a person matures. As a person grows, he/she is continually choosing values and fashioning his/her hierarchy of values. Looking at the problems being faced by every Filipino at this point, one can surmise that oppression, violence, greed, exploitation, environmental degradation and corruption are by-products of a decrepit and twisted value system. As Filipinos, we should realize that if we want to see a better Philippines, we should break this culture of corruption and oppressionRead MoreStudy Guide Essay25129 Words   |  101 Pagescompletion of this course, students will be able to: Learning Resources †¢ Answer the question, â€Å"What is human resource management?† †¢ Describe the basic methods of collecting job analysis information. †¢ Discuss the major federal labor relations laws. †¢ Describe the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission enforcement process. †¢ Explain each of the steps in establishing market-competitive pay rates. Textbook: A Framework for Human Resource Management 7th Edition, 2013 Gary Dessler PearsonRead MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 PagesAviation Brigade †¢ Executed all human resource management tasks and responsibilities associated with redeploying a Combat Aviation Brigade from Germany to Fort Riley, Kansas, which resulted in the successful move of over 1,500 soldiers and their families from nine different locations in Germany and Italy. †¢ Personally carried out all tasks associated with deploying 37 soldiers to Pakistan following an earthquake, which resulted in a 35% reduction in the time to fly aid to inaccessible areas. PlatoonRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary How Well Do I Respond to Turbulent Change? 578 Myth or Science? â€Å"Men Experience More Job Stress Than Women† 596 Self-Assessment Library How Stressful Is My Life? 600 An Ethical Choice Responsibly Managing Your Own Stress 601 glOBalization! Work– Family Stress in Different Cultures 604 Point/Counterpoint Responsible Managers Relieve Stress on Their Employees 607 Questions for Review 608 Experiential Exercise Power and the Changing Environment 608 Ethical Dilemma Changes at WPAC 609 Case Incident

Unexpected Influences in Great Expectations - 1568 Words

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